EnDoTheRmIc PrOcEss

Endothermic, also incorrectly known as endergonic, refers to a transformation in which a system receives heat from the surroundings:

• Q > 0

When the transformation occurs at constant pressure:

• ∆H > 0

and constant volume:

• ∆U > 0

If the surroundings do not supply heat (e.g., when the system is adiabatic), an endothermic transformation leads to a decrease in the temperature of the system.

Some examples of endothermic processes are:

• Melting of ice
  


• Depressurising a pressure can

ExOtheRmiC ProCeSS

Exothermic refers to a transformation in which a system releases energy (heat) to the surroundings:

• Q <>

When the transformation occurs at constant pressure:

• ∆H <>

and constant volume:

• ∆U <>

In an adiabatic system (e.g. a system that does not give off heat to the surroundings), an exothermic process results in an increase in temperature.
In chemical reactions, the heat that is released is in the form of electromagnetic energy. The loss of kinetic energy via reacting electrons causes light to be released. This light is equivalent in energy to the stabilization energy of the energy for the chemical reaction, i.e. the bond energy. This light that is released can be absorbed by other molecules in solution to give rise to molecular vibrations or rotations, which gives rise to the classical understanding of heat. In contrast, when endothermic reactions occur, energy is absorbed to place an electron in a higher energy state, such that the electron can associate with another atom to form another chemical complex. The loss of energy within solution is absorbed by the endothermic reaction and therefore is a loss of heat. This is the physical understanding of exothermic and endothermic
reactions within solution.

Examples:

Some examples of exothermic processes are:

• Condensation of rain from water vapour
  
• Combustion of fuels such as wood, coal and oil
  
• Mixing water and strong acids
  
• Mixing alkalis and acids
  
• The setting of cement and concrete
  
• Most polymerisation reactions such as the setting of epoxy resin
  Thermite reaction

Thermite reaction using iron oxxide

Tile FlooR

The craft of ceramic tile manufacturing is extremely old. The Egyptians were using Nile mud to make tiles over 6000 years ago and were applying glaze finishes several thousand years before the Romans laid tile floors in Great Britain. Many of the floors are in perfect condition even today giving evidence of their outstanding durability.

Tiles may be compounded clay bodies consisting of clay, 30 to 35%, which is the plastic; flint, 10 to 15%, which is the filler; and feldspar, 45 to 50%, which is the fluxing agent that fuses the ingredients into a solid mass. Tiles are also made from one or more naturally occurring clays. They are either glazed, having a glassy surface fused upon their face, or unglazed, being composed of the same ingredients throughout. They may be classified as non-vitreous, semi-vitreous, vitreous or impervious, which indicates the degree of fusion. In the dust-pressed process, steel dies apply heavy pressure to a damp ceramic mix. In the plastic process, considerable more water is used and the clay is then shaped.

When tile bodies composed of various silicates are subjected to high temperatures, new complex silicates are formed. The result is a strong, hard product with non-fading colors. A prominent floor tile is the ceramic mosaic tile. This is the familiar small tile, an inch or two on the side, fully vitrified and usually unglazed. Pavers are unglazed tiles resembling ceramic mosaic but larger in size, usually three by three to six by six inches. Quarry tiles are unglazed, made from one by one to twelve by twelve inches. The word quarry comes from the French word, “carreau”, meaning a square or paving tile. Faience tiles have highly colored glazes, a rugged artistic appearance and come in a large variety of sizes.

RooF

ancient greek roof tiles

A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building. A roof protects the building and its contents from the effects of weather. Structures that require roofs range from a letter box to a cathedral or stadium, dwellings being the most numerous.
In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. Depending upon the nature of the building, the roof may also protect against heat, against sunlight, against cold and against wind. Other types of structure, for example, a garden conservatory, might use roofing that protects against cold, wind and rain but admits light. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements.
The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that it covers, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation.

Anything for my fans....(ahaks)

Apologies to all the faithful readers of yours truly blog. due to a certain incident access to the internet has been limited and carefully monitored. a piece of advise...... let’s put that aside and start anew. let this blog signal a new beginning, a new chapter in our lives. cant promise that ill write daily (i got a LIFE ok!) but ill try my best to make it a frequent one, too much of a good thing can kill...like a secret forbidden relationship...

A Lesson To Be Learned

Today I have the class that’s make me trouble a lot. It’s very rarely I go back to my room without bringing souvenir from dedicated lecturer like Mr. Anwar. Design drawing class. In the line of that, Islamic study class owh it’s boring damm much man because I just learn about politic with a blur understanding……Hey i do study ok. That’s what i came for in this place and why the Malaysian tax payer won’t regret it. Well off to class i go (its 10am, see how dedicated i am)

Honey I’m coming……

First of all i want to say my gratitude to god for brinnging and end to a week worth of agony, secondly my thanks to those kind soul who help eased my suffering and for those arse-hole who barked at the wrong guy at the wrong time...... now that I’m back, I’m determined to make up for the lost time. Next on the line is photography class sees how excited I am. i really enjoy this class because the lecturer mr. Sharizan very sporting owh man… So how can student want missed his class. But curricular activity makes me feel tired like I’m holding a really2 big stone. muahahaha.......at last I’m rid off this ratched cold .honestly guys the stain on my pillowcase and futon is not mucous ok!, its not a sort of female material either.

I blame the weather.....

Its been raining since yesterday here and my mobility have been limited.....great, my world keeps getting smaller. In a positive mind-set the smaller the better, since i don’t need to put up with either ignorance or plain stupidity. But the downpour is giving me the blues.... or maybe it because the past couple of days had been soo wonderful that my soul can no longer tolerate happiness and gloom is the only way to achieve the balance within. Equilibrium..... Equilibrium..... Whatever laaaa oiiiiiii. Trying too figure out the cause of this misery, i came to realize that i haven’t wrote down anything yet. What the hell it’s my blog, MY BLOG..... And i can abuse it any way i want (insert British accent)....
Till next time then, when the weather gets better and when.. This post i should posted last week but the server down. That's why i posted it today.

Between the runny-nose and the annoying sneeze

I'm not introducing self-pity here but yours truly has been hit by a bad cold, so bad i can only speak with my nostrill. And since its not very hygiene, my communication is limited to one word syllable or continuous rambling. That 4 letter word has been put to good usage.
People must agree that blowing your nose and concentration weren’t made for each other and class is a nightmare. even the sight of interesting humors failed to raise the slightest interest, and everyone else is just dammmmmmm annoying (and vice versa).my head is spinning, my throat is sore, my muscle aches, my nose is leaking, my eye balls are boiling and i cant stop feeling sorry for myself. Chasing all those 'target' during my class day was a mistake, i admit......guess I’m just moody along that day.......ahhh, what would i give for hot chocolate or hot mocha.......

In the heat of Sun.....

Its hot, in all the sense of hotness (the tempt., the bikinis ect.) and the phrase 'ni baru panas kat dunia' is the kind of ironic blurt that i can live without. so here i am in the confines of this marvelous gift of technology (air-cond) trying my best to figure out what to do. But I think in other country like Japan or Korea maybe this time they have with the rest of summer. But in Malaysia we only have raining and hot from the sun.the beach no longer have their allure, the nightlife is sipping me dry and the cold water are giving me the cold treatment (sishh).to put it in a nutshell, I’m bored, though posting a new entry on my blog wont solve the problem at least i get to spend a few minutes of my time. anybody got any ideas on how the sun heated we all but without sun we cannot live because all the things especially the food normally come from the sun.. For sure u all guys want to know why i said like that, the heat of sun can give a light to all living thing in the earth. The heated of sun help plant to do their photosynthesis process. The heated of sun also give some money to the lingerie shop because they raise an income from their selling especially during the summer ….holla..... As longest is legal ill go along....hahahha